Dr Lukasz Olejnik
Cyberwarfare is a geopolitical tool, with Russia using it as statecraft. Cyberattacks linked to Russian actors have affected European countries and the UK, raising concerns about security, economic stability and democracy. Information operations are likewise a systematic risk. These are long-term activities and cannot be reduced to the mundane sending of individual messages.
Russia’s reputation in cyberwarfare
Russia is a leading cyber actor. Notable incidents include the Bundestag hack (2015) and the Macron leaks (2017), both were executed remotely. But there were also close-access operations. Reports of Russian infiltration attempts, such as targeting the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in the Netherlands, highlight its aggressive approach.
Development of Russian cyber capabilities
Russia has a strong foundation in cyber, with state agencies cultivating cyber expertise. Intelligence services like the GRU, the FSB, or the SVR conduct operations involving cyber-espionage, sabotage, and disinformation campaigns. We know this from numerous public reports, including reports from the US Department of State and the UK’s National Cyber Security Centre.
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