Joe Devanny and Arthur P.B. Laudrain
Introduction
This paper explores India’s cyber statecraft by illustrating how India uses its cyber capabilities, policies, and engagement in cyber diplomacy to further its national strategic objectives. The paper focuses principally on the international diplomatic and operational dimensions of India’s cyber statecraft, but it also explains the connection between domestic and international aspects of Indian strategy. India is widely seen as an influential emerging power of the Global South and as a committed advocate for reform of global institutions. However, there is considerable ambiguity surrounding India’s cyber doctrine.
Following a series of similar studies for the Carnegie Endowment’s Technology and International Affairs Program, this paper focuses on cyber diplomacy in so-called middle ground states.1 These are states in the Global South perceived as being pivotal in the competition for influence between liberal like-minded and authoritarian states. Like previous studies on Brazil, South Africa, and Mexico, this paper situates India’s approach to cyber statecraft in the context of contemporary global debates in cyber diplomacy, principally regarding responsible state behavior in cyberspace. The complexity of India’s bilateral relationships with China and Russia and the intricacies of its approach to managing “multi-alignment” are further reasons for the considerable Western interest in understanding the objectives and mechanisms of Indian cyber statecraft.2
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