Dr Chietigj Bajpaee & Dr Yu Jie
The China–US relationship is widely regarded as the defining geopolitical issue of the 21st century. But relations between China and India arguably hold greater long-term significance for the future of Asia and the global order.
These two nations are the world’s most populous, together accounting for almost 40 per cent of the global population. China is the world’s second largest economy, with India currently the fifth largest – and soon to be the third largest. Yet, despite their rise having important consequences for the future of global governance, China–India relations are poorly understood outside of those countries.
Tensions over a long-standing and unresolved territorial dispute play a significant role in the relationship. But this border dispute is merely a symptom of a much broader and deeper geopolitical rivalry. Both China and India view themselves as civilizational states and their growing prominence is introducing new areas of competition, from geo-economics to differing positions on global issues such as the green energy transition.
As Western policymakers increasingly see a rising India as a counterweight to China, a clearer understanding of the two countries and their interactions is essential. This research paper explores the main factors behind the relationship between China and India, and challenges several misconceptions about its nature.
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