25 March 2025

Virtù and the War on Hamas: A Machiavellian Reading of the Strategies Around the 2023 Israel-Hamas War

Prof. Manuel Lozano Rodríguez

Introduction

The effectual truth of Machiavelli is that he not only understood the modern world but created it.[i]

This paper aims to provide a Machiavellian analysis of the strategies employed in the 2023 War in Gaza between Israel and Hamas. By exploring the conflict through the lens of virtù, the paper demonstrates how Machiavelli’s principles, particularly his emphasis on adaptability, deception, and the effective use of force, remain relevant in contemporary warfare. So, How do Machiavellian principles shape the strategies of both Israel and Hamas in the 2023 War in Gaza?

The core objective of this analysis is to offer readers a practical framework for understanding the strategic dynamics at play in Israel versus Hamas and other modern military conflicts. By drawing connections between Machiavellian thought and current military strategies, the paper seeks to illuminate the underlying logic that drives both sides’ military actions.

By the end of this paper, readers will have a clearer understanding of how Machiavelli’s concepts can be used to analyze the outcomes of modern conflicts and how classical strategic ideas are applied in real-world scenarios. This approach is not only intellectually stimulating but also practically useful for those involved in strategic planning and military studies, offering a timeless perspective on the complexities of warfare.

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