Tamir Libel
Introduction
West and Allen (Citation2018) define artificial intelligence (AI) as “machines that operate in an intentional, intelligent, and adaptive manner” and “have the ability to learn and adapt as they make decisions” (West and Allen Citation2018, 2–3). It comes as no surprise that integrating AI into the military and security domain remains a top priority for many countries (Machi Citation2021; Rouleau Citation2020; Stanley-Lockman and Christie Citation2021). Given the unprecedented complexity of AI capabilities, however, nations must work together with private technology companies (Hudson Citation2020), and their militaries must recruit and retain the young and rare AI talent.
Researchers have pointed to a number of potential issues with the increased use of AI in the military (Hachey, Libel, and Partington Citation2020): ethical dilemmas (West and Allen Citation2018), questions of responsibility and accountability (Fenwick and Edwards Citation2016; Wasilow and Thorpe Citation2019; West and Allen Citation2018), changes to the identity of the combat soldier (ElMasry Citation2018; Kim, Cheon, and Eom Citation2019), new requirements for soldiers in battle (Singer Citation2009), changing physical and mental qualities (Winkler et al. Citation2019), the effect of AI on militaries’ diversity and inclusion initiatives (Nourri Citation2021), and the effect of automated methods of warfare on the professional ideals of the military (Kepe Citation2020; Vallor Citation2013).
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