Sunny Cheung
Co-Chairs, Vice Chair Randall Schriver and Commissioner Michael Kuiken: Thank you for the opportunity to testify today on “Made in China 2025.” My testimony will focus on one of the most critical objectives within this industrial strategy—advancing robotics and autonomous technologies. I will provide an overview of China’s strategic approach, key industry players, and the broader economic and geopolitical ramifications of its rapid advancements in these sectors.
“Made in China 2025” (MIC 2025) was introduced in 2015 as China’s strategic industrial policy aimed at transforming the nation from a manufacturing powerhouse known for low-cost labor into a global leader in high-tech industries. MIC 2025 identified ten key sectors for targeted development, including robotics, high-end CNC (computer numerical control) machine tools, AI, new-energy vehicles, aerospace, and biopharmaceuticals. The plan emphasized technological self-sufficiency, innovation-driven development, and industrial upgrading, reducing reliance on foreign suppliers, particularly in critical technologies like semiconductors, automation, and artificial intelligence.
Although China officially downplayed MIC 2025 in public discourse after facing strong backlash from the United States and other Western countries—who viewed it as an aggressive industrial strategy threatening global competition—the plan’s objectives never disappeared. Instead, they were integrated into a broader range of policies and state-led initiatives that continued to receive extensive financial and political support. Over the past decade, China has implemented massive subsidies, state-backed investment funds, and regional development policies to accelerate the growth of strategic industries, particularly robotics and automation, as part of a broader push to enhance national technological sovereignty.
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