Sarah Williams & Simon Brawley
Challenges and opportunities
Rapid technological change can bring benefits to the economy, society and improve infrastructure, but can also lead to new challenges.[2] UK Governments have sought good governance, shared rules and regulation in artificial intelligence, space and cyberspace, but competitive nations may not share the same values and ethics.[1],[13],[14]
AI is changing how war is fought, and the conflict in Ukraine has seen the use of military AI.[15] For instance, Ukraine analysts use AI to help determine the most likely locations of enemy positions.[15]
AI can also make use of data from a variety of sources, such as drone footage and satellite and thermal imagery, as well as open-source intelligence, for example soldiers’ social media posts. This information can be pieced together to detect targets in a digital ‘kill chain’, the stages in a cyber attack.[16] The ‘targeting cycle’, from locating a target and transmitting co-ordinates, to engagement by an artillery system, can take as little as three to four minutes.[17]
AI can be used by drones to evade electronic warfare, such as jamming, and navigate in environments with no GPS using pre-loaded maps.[18] Some drones do not need an operator, and can work together as a coordinated swarm.[19]
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