Ellie Cook
Nearly three years into its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Russia's military has taken painful hits, but has poured resources into making sure it can regenerate its military forces battling on the front lines in its neighboring country.
Kyiv has managed to put a real dent in Moscow's Black Sea Fleet, shoving many of Russia's assets further away from Ukraine's coastlines and forcing the Kremlin to relinquish its ability to use bases on the annexed Crimean Peninsula.
The war, which has afforded Moscow significant gains in the east of Ukraine throughout 2024, has cost Russia's land forces dearly. According to Ukraine's numbers, more than 780,000 soldiers have been killed or injured since February 2022.
Western estimates are slightly lower, but agree with Ukrainian assessments that Moscow's losses have hit their highest points this fall and into the winter in Ukraine.
At the start of December, Ukraine's government said Russia had lost $3 billion in weapons and equipment in November alone.
But its naval fleets deployed elsewhere around the world remain largely unscathed, although Ukraine has occasionally targeted Russia's navy in the Baltic Sea with sabotage efforts and in the Caspian Sea.
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