18 January 2025

How Armenia can defend itself against hybrid warfare - Opinion

Gevorg Melikyan

Armenia must heavily invest in education, media literacy, and public awareness to build a society capable of discerning and resisting manipulative narratives.

Armenia’s strategic geopolitical position has historically rendered it vulnerable to external pressures and multifaceted challenges.

Since gaining independence in 1991, Armenia has faced an array of challenges, ranging from regional armed conflicts to territorial seizures and ethnic cleansings. These traditional threats have evolved into more sophisticated forms of aggression, typified by hybrid tactics that exploit the vulnerabilities of modern democracies.

Unlike conventional warfare, hybrid warfare operates in the gray zone between peace and conflict, blurring the lines between military and non-military domains while targeting critical infrastructure, state and non-state institutions, national identity, societal cohesion, and more.

Hybrid warfare’s ascendance in the 21st century is intrinsically tied to advancements in technology, globalisation, and the interconnected nature of contemporary societies. Armenia, situated at the crossroads of competing geopolitical interests, has become a testing ground for such tactics.

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