Zhou Chao
Since the beginning of Donald Trump’s first term, the U.S. government has continuously ramped up pressure on China’s advanced technology sector, with the chip industry becoming a major target. Recently, before leaving office, President Joe Biden intensified sanctions and technological blockades against China’s semiconductor sector. The U.S. government has explicitly prohibited TSMC and Samsung from exporting chips below 7nm to China and has added 140 Chinese chip companies to its blacklist. From mid to late December 2023, the focus shifted to China’s mature-process chip industry. In response to the persistent pressure from the U.S., China’s chip industry has actively worked to counter external challenges, and eventually achieved a series of breakthroughs.
In terms of advanced processes, Huawei’s Mate60, launched in 2023, was confirmed to utilize 7 nm process technology, marking a significant breakthrough in Chinese-produced high-end chips. Regarding mature processes, data from international consulting firm Knometa Research showed that by 2022, there were 167 12-inch wafer fabs worldwide, with 13 new fabs coming online in 2023, bringing the total to 180. In terms of quantity, nearly half of the world’s 12-inch wafer fabs are located in China. Due to its complete industrial chain, robust production capacity, and cost advantages, China holds a clear comparative advantage in the production of mature-process chips.
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