France Sidelines ‘Superior’ Israeli PULS Rockets For Pinaka Mk.2; Real Reason Why Paris Wants Indian MBRLS?

Vijainder K Thakur

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France is considering purchasing the Indian 214-mm Pinaka MBRLS (Multiple Barrel Rocket Launch System) as part of its program to replace the American M270 MLRS missile systems.

France’s interest in the Pinaka system is surprising because several European countries are contemplating purchasing the Israeli PULS multi-caliber rocket system as a replacement for the M270 MLRS.

PULS Multi-Caliber Rocket System

The Israeli PULS (Precise and Universal Launching System) is an advanced, modular, multi-caliber rocket artillery system developed by Israel’s Elbit Systems.

Designed for maximum flexibility, PULS supports a range of rocket calibers, enabling operators to choose different munitions based on mission requirements.

PULS Can Launch

• 122 mm rockets with 40 km range
• 160 mm rockets with 45 km range
• 306 mm rockets with 150 km range
• Heavy rockets and missiles like the EXTRA and Predator Hawk, capable of 300 km range

PULS uses a modular architecture and is designed to be platform-agnostic. It can be integrated on a variety of wheeled or tracked chassis, including 4×4, 6×6, and 8×8 configurations. The system can be configured for different terrains, such as open deserts, urban areas, or rugged mountainous regions.

A Year After Offensive, Rebels Control Most Of Myanmar’s Rakhine State

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One year after renewed fighting in Myanmar’s western Rakhine state, the rebel Arakan Army controls some 80 percent of the state while the military junta’s airstrikes and its blockade of trade routes have left residents worried about their safety and food shortages.

The ethnic Arakan Army, or AA, began its offensive on Nov. 13, 2023, and has since captured 10 out of the state’s 17 townships, as well as one township in neighboring Chin state.

The group is battling for self-determination for the mostly Buddhist Rakhine people. It would be the first Myanmar rebel group to take over a state if it seizes – as it has vowed to do – all territory under military control in Rakhine state.

Myanmar’s military, which took control of the country in a 2021 coup, has been battling various rebel armies and militias across the country, and has faced some of its biggest setbacks in Rakhine.

The AA’s battlefield successes over the last year has been unprecedented since the fall of the Arakan Kingdom to the Burmese in 1784, according to Pe Than, a former member of parliament from Rakhine state.

The Tamil Question in a Changing Sri Lanka: The Limits of Dissanayake’s Leftist Agenda

Ambihai Akilan

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As Sri Lanka heads toward a significant parliamentary election, the recent presidential victory of Anura Kumara Dissanayake has ignited hopes for political transformation. For the first time, the grassroots Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) and National People’s Power coalition (NPP) have gained a foothold in national leadership by winning over large sections of the Sinhala population, including many former Rajapaksa voters, raising expectations for systemic change.

Dissanayake’s rise and first actions as president marks a significant shift away from the entrenched power of political elites like the Wickremesinghes, the Kumaratungas, and the Rajapaksas, and represents a grassroots movement of lower-middle-class Sinhala voters disillusioned by economic crises and corruption. However, while Dissanayake’s ascent signifies a genuine challenge to the patronage-driven politics of the south, this shift remains deeply embedded in Sinhala-Buddhist nationalism, leaving the crucial Tamil question unresolved.

A failure to engage with the Tamil demands for justice, accountability, and autonomy is not just a moral lapse; it’s a strategic misdiagnosis that will ultimately prevent Dissanayake from realizing the economic and social reforms he envisions, even for the Sinhala south. The massive and economically disastrous militarization of Tamil-speaking regions, unaddressed war crimes, and the state’s ethnonationalist character are inseparable from the island’s broader economic crisis.

What a Second Trump Presidency Means for Bangladesh

Md. Himel Rahman

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In the U.S. presidential election on November 5, Donald Trump of the Republican Party won a decisive victory, and he is scheduled to succeed Joe Biden as the U.S. president on January 20, 2025. The upcoming change in the U.S. administration is likely to substantially affect ties between Bangladesh and the United States, in areas including politics, the economy, migration, strategic and security ties, climate change, and humanitarian cooperation.

Effects on Bangladesh’s Internal Politics

In contrast with the Biden administration’s moral and ideological emphasis on democracy and human rights in U.S. foreign policy, Trump is more pragmatic and transactional. The Biden administration has actively supported the interim government of Bangladesh under Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus, which was formed in the aftermath of the popular uprising of August. Trump is unlikely to demonstrate similar levels of enthusiasm for the interim government.

Japanese Minesweeper Sinks in Port, Sailor Missing; Advanced Russian Attack Sub Spotted Near Japan

Dzirhan Mahadzir

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Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force minesweeper JS Ukushima (MSC-686) capsized on Monday following an engine room fire on Sunday with one crewmember missing from the incident. Meanwhile Japan’s Joint Staff Office (JSO) on Monday issued a release stating that a Russian Navy Yasen-class nuclear powered cruise missile submarine (SSGN) had been sighted operating near Japan’s waters for the first time.

Japanese media reports stated that Ukushima on Sunday at 9.40 a.m. reported to the Japan Coast Guard’s (JCG) 7th Regional Coast Guard Headquarters that the ship had a fire in the engine room. Ukushima was sailing in the East China Sea in an area 1.5 miles off Oshima Island off the coast of Fukuoka Prefecture on the main island of Kyushu.

Japan’s Kyodo News reported that minesweeper JS Toyoshima (MSC-685), which joined the coast guard in the fire-fighting and rescue operation, reported around 2 p.m. that the fire on the Ukushima was contained, but flared out of control later. The crew of Ukushima were taken off by Toyoshima by 3:45 p.m., but it was found that petty officer 3rd class Tatsunori Koga, who worked in the engine room, was missing.

Operationalizing Japan-U.S. Cooperation on Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity and Resilience

Taro Hashimoto

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Cybersecurity has long been regarded as a critical part of national security. The sophistication, complexity, and scale of cyberattacks have increased, with state-sponsored actors posing significant threats to nations and international cybercriminal groups conducting massive attacks globally. Meanwhile, the ongoing digitalization of society is expanding cyberspace, leading to the complicated and expanded interdependencies among infrastructures, services, and functions. It is, therefore, becoming more important to ensure the cybersecurity and resilience of critical infrastructures that people and nations rely on every day.

The Japan-U.S. alliance has become more important than ever amid rising geopolitical tensions in the Indo-Pacific region, and cyberspace is playing a key role as a foundation for a robust alliance. The United States released the National Cybersecurity Strategy in March 2023, and Japan’s National Security Strategy (NSS), released in December 2022, puts a strong emphasis on fundamentally enhancing the country’s cybersecurity posture. In this report, CSIS Japan Chair visiting fellow Taro Hashimoto assesses the current state of Japan-U.S. cybersecurity cooperation and the prospects for future collaboration on critical infrastructure cybersecurity and resilience.

Vietnam Spratly Island Construction Continuing at Rapid Pace, Report Says

Sebastian Strangio

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Vietnamese construction work in the Spratly Islands continues to move forward, with “potential military structures” including runways taking shape on several of its outposts in the archipelago, a U.S. think tank said this week.

In a briefing released on Wednesday, the Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative (AMTI) stated that the ongoing developments show that Vietnam is “determined to maximize the strategic potential of the features it occupies” in the South China Sea.

AMTI, which is run by the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C., confirmed an earlier report by Radio Free Asia (RFA) that Vietnam was building a runway on Barque Canada Reef, the largest feature that it controls in the Spratly Islands. Following recent land reclamation works, RFA reported, the island now stretches over a length of 4.5 kilometers, “making it possible to develop an airstrip of 3,000 meters or more.”

Will Tehran Make a Dash for the Bomb? - Analysis

Sina Azodi

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Iran’s national security doctrine is rooted in the painful legacy of the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq War. That conflict was marked by Iran’s international isolation, Iraq’s use of chemical weapons against Iranian troops and cities, and devastating shortages of military supplies. These experiences laid the groundwork for Iran’s “forward defense” strategy, built around three pillars: ballistic missiles and drones; support for regional nonstate actors; and a threshold nuclear capability. Each element of this strategy is designed to address vulnerabilities exposed during that war. However, the Israel-Hamas war has demonstrated the vulnerability of this strategy.

Recent Israeli operations against Iranian proxies, attacks within Iran’s own borders, and growing domestic calls to rethink its nuclear stance have presented Tehran with critical choices about the nuclear program’s strategic role. In recent months, two of the three pillars of Iran’s forward defense approach have been weakened in the face of Israelis’ demonstrable escalation dominance. Now the nuclear program is the only intact pillar, but the situation puts Tehran in a bind: Should it decide to cross the nuclear threshold, it could trigger a war with the United States and Israel.

The Guardian view on Germany’s collapsed coalition: politics in the shadow of Donald Trump

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Spying a possible silver lining to events in the US, some commentators have speculated that the re-election of Donald Trump may at least concentrate minds among mainstream European leaders. Faced with a rapidly emerging new world order, and with homegrown far-right movements making the political weather, their response has at times appeared sluggish and unconvincing. Perhaps the shock of Trump 2.0 will finally convey the fierce urgency of now.

The sudden collapse of Germany’s fractious SPD‑led coalition government, as the US election verdict became clear, certainly points to a quickening of the political tempo. Olaf Scholz is a famously cautious, meticulous politician, with a reputation for equivocating. Not last week. In summarily sacking his finance minister, Christian Lindner, and triggering the exit of the Free Democratic party (FDP) from the government, Chancellor Scholz launched a sequence of events that will lead to snap elections in the spring, or even earlier.

Mr Scholz’s patience finally ran out during vital budget negotiations, when Mr Lindner – who leads the economically liberal FDP – once more made clear his determination to block SPD and Green-backed spending aimed at reviving Germany’s moribund economy and supporting Ukraine. At one level this could be viewed as futile manoeuvring aboard a sinking electoral ship as the iceberg looms. Mr Scholz’s disunited coalition has become deeply unpopular. Languishing at below 5% in the polls, the FDP may well have quit before a federal election due in September anyway.

Germany’s fractious coalition falls apart—and how!

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EARLY IN THE morning of November 6th, as Europe digested the result of America’s presidential election, three senior figures in Germany’s government were huddling for crisis talks in Berlin. But Olaf Scholz, the chancellor, Robert Habeck, the vice-chancellor, and Christian Lindner, the finance minister, were not sketching a response to Donald Trump’s promised tariffs, or working out how Germany might compensate for a loss of American support to Ukraine. Instead, they were deciding whether to blow up their fraying coalition.

Trump’s expected military reset: Culture war counteroffensive

Brad Dress

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President-elect Trump is expected to transform the U.S. military from the Pentagon, with promises to slash spending, thin the top ranks and roll back efforts to make the military more inclusive to transgender and women soldiers.

While Trump has not presented clear policies for the Defense Department or yet named a nominee to head the Pentagon, his allies and former administration officials have laid out a blueprint for deep change.

The plan includes controversial cultural war issues, reducing wasteful defense spending and decreasing the number of generals in the military, although it also includes less divisive measures, such as enhancing nuclear strategy, prioritizing China and building a resilient military.

The 2024 Republican platform promises that the GOP “will ensure our military is the most modern, lethal and powerful force in the world.”

“We will invest in cutting-edge research and advanced technologies, including an Iron Dome Missile Defense Shield, support our troops with higher pay,” the platform reads, and “get woke leftwing Democrats fired as soon as possible.”

Europe Can Take Over America’s Role in Ukraine - Analysis

Paul Hockenos

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U.S. President-elect Donald Trump claims to have ideas for quickly settling the Russia-Ukraine. Whether or not that’s true—and there’s plenty of reason to think it’s not—it’s likely the Trump administration will soon halt its bankrolling of Ukraine’s war effort. On the campaign trail, Trump derided U.S. funding of Ukraine, which currently amounts to more than $60 billion—around half of Ukraine’s total military support from abroad—and has given every indication that he would discontinue it.

This would plunk the problem of support for Ukraine squarely in Europe’s lap. The continent is still not prepared for that reality. The fear of a Russian rout of Ukraine, however, could motivate Europe to try assuming responsibility for supporting Ukraine on its own—beginning with a recognition that ramping up its support is not beyond its ability.

White House Releases Memo on AI and National Security

Katherine Pompilio

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On Oct. 24, President Joe Biden released a memorandum on advancing U.S. leadership in artificial intelligence (AI); harnessing AI to fulfill national security objectives; and fostering the safety, security, and trustworthiness of AI.

The White House memo—which fulfills the directive set forth in Biden’s executive order on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence—is divided into seven sections: policy, objectives, promoting and securing foundational AI capabilities; responsibly harnessing AI to achieve national security objectives; fostering a stable, responsible, and globally beneficial international AI governance landscape; ensuring effective coordination, execution, and reporting of AI policy; and definitions.

Elon Musk, Vivek Ramaswamy to lead Trump's Department of Government Efficiency

Sarah Rumpf-Whitten

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President-elect Trump announced that billionaire Elon Musk and former GOP presidential candidate Vivek Ramaswamy will lead the Department of Government Efficiency.

Trump said that the pair will work together to "dismantle Government Bureaucracy, slash excess regulations, cut wasteful expenditures, and restructure Federal Agencies."

"It will become, potentially, ‘The Manhattan Project’ of our time," the announcement on Tuesday evening said. "Republican politicians have dreamed about the objectives of ‘DOGE’ for a very long time."

The president-elect said that Musk and Ramaswamy will provide "advice and guidance from outside of Government, and will partner with the White House and Office of Management & Budget to drive large scale structural reform, and create an entrepreneurial approach to Government never seen before."

The Axis of Resilience

Renad Mansour

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In response to Hamas’s October 7 attack last year, the Israeli government launched a regional war meant to reshape the Middle East. Israel specifically targeted the so-called axis of resistance, a network of groups allied with Iran that includes Hamas in Gaza, Hezbollah in Lebanon, the Houthis in Yemen, Bashar al-Assad’s regime in Syria, and parts of the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) in Iraq. Working on a scale that dwarfs previous efforts against the axis, Israel has spent the past year trying to destroy the network’s political, economic, military, logistical, and communications infrastructure. It has also undertaken an unprecedented campaign against the axis’s leadership, killing the leaders of Hamas and Hezbollah and several senior commanders in Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).

The ferocity of the Israeli offensive, which has been bolstered by advanced technologies and a strategy of total war that flattens and depopulates neighborhoods and cities, will significantly alter the balance of power in the Middle East. Yet for all its undeniable military superiority, not to mention its support from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Europe, Israel is unlikely to eradicate the organizations and regimes that belong to the axis in the way it hopes. Time and again the axis has demonstrated an adaptability and a resilience that attest to the deep connections its member groups maintain within their own states and societies. What’s more, the transnational relationships that compose the axis mean that Hamas, Hezbollah, and the other member organizations are best understood not merely as discrete nonstate actors or insurgent armed groups but as interlinking nodes of durable political, economic, military, and ideological networks.

Trump Must Not Betray “America First”

Dan Caldwell and Reid Smith

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Donald Trump has achieved a political comeback with no parallel since the Gilded Age, when Grover Cleveland won reelection to the presidency in nonconsecutive terms. On his way to this latest victory, Trump provoked a popular backlash against both major political parties’ establishments. This realignment underscores a shift in the GOP’s constituent demographics and illuminates a broader transformation within the electorate itself.

To understand why this seismic shift occurred, it is necessary to examine more fully one of the aspects of Trump’s appeal: his heterodox approach to foreign policy. Trump’s vision of the U.S. role in the world stood in sharp contrast with President Joe Biden’s dogged commitment to the post–Cold War consensus that the United States should remain stalwart in its pursuit of liberal hegemony through global primacy—a doctrine that Vice President Kamala Harris and her surrogates enthusiastically embraced while on the campaign trail. Although voters reported that domestic issues such as immigration and inflation were their main concerns, these priorities reflect—and were driven by—their shifting attitudes toward American foreign policy. Indeed, foreign policy proved a decisive issue for key communities in crucial swing states.

Trump Had It Easy the First Time - Opinion

Thomas L. Friedman

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I don’t know why people say that President-elect Donald Trump is going to face difficult challenges in foreign policy.

All he needs to do is get Vladimir Putin to compromise on Russia’s western border. Get Volodymyr Zelensky to compromise on Ukraine’s eastern border. Get Benjamin Netanyahu to define Israel’s western and southern borders. Get Iran’s supreme leader, Ali Khamenei, to define his country’s western border — that is, stop trying to control Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Yemen. Get China to define its eastern border as short of Taiwan. And get the Houthis in Yemen to define their coastal border as limited to just a few miles off shore — without the right to stop all shipping into the Red Sea.

To put it another way: If you think the only border that will preoccupy Trump when he takes office on Jan. 20 is America’s southern border, you’re not paying attention.

When Trump left office in 2021, before the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the war between Israel and Hamas and Hezbollah, one could argue that we were still in the “post-Cold War” era, dominated by increasing economic integration and Great Power peace. Russia had taken a bite out of Ukraine, but never attempted to devour the whole thing. Iran and Israel were hostile, but never directly attacked each other.

Here are the people Trump has picked for key positions so far

THOMAS BEAUMONT

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President-elect Donald Trump is starting to fill key posts in his second administration, putting an emphasis so far on aides and allies who were his strongest backers during the 2024 campaign.

Here's a look at whom he has selected so far.

Marco Rubio, secretary of state

Trump named Florida Sen. Marco Rubio to be secretary of state, making a former sharp critic his choice to be the new administration's top diplomat.

Rubio, 53, is a noted hawk on China, Cuba and Iran, and was a finalist to be Trump's running mate on the Republican ticket last summer. Rubio is the vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee and a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

“He will be a strong Advocate for our Nation, a true friend to our Allies, and a fearless Warrior who will never back down to our adversaries,” Trump said of Rubio in a statement.

The announcement punctuates the hard pivot Rubio has made with Trump, whom the senator called a “con man" during his unsuccessful campaign for the 2016 GOP presidential nomination.

Discovery of over 2,000,000,000 tons of rare Earth mineral found in US could make country the new 'world leader'

Rebekah Jordan

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Following the election, billionaire Elon Musk has been warning that the US economy is looming towards bankruptcy and urging President Donald Trump to consider Bitcoin as a solution to the country’s ever-increasing debt.

However, America might have just found a new path to financial strength after a discovery of incredibly rare materials was made in the country.

Right now, China leads the world in manufacturing, producing 95% of all rare earth minerals and holding over 31% of global manufacturing.

Meanwhile, the US relies on importing about 74% of its minerals and holds only a 15% share in global manufacturing.

But this gap could start to close thanks to a lucky find by American Rare Earths in Wyoming that hit the jackpot with the land they drilled earlier this year.

The team uncovered a treasure trove of rare minerals, including neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, dysprosium, and terbium.

Who Is Michael Waltz, Trump’s Pick to Be National Security Adviser?

Catie Edmondson

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Representative Michael Waltz of Florida, whom President-elect Donald J. Trump has chosen to be his national security adviser, is a former Green Beret and three-term congressman who established himself early on Capitol Hill as a key hawkish voice on matters of national security.

Mr. Waltz, who received four Bronze Stars after multiple combat tours in Afghanistan and Africa, has the pedigree of the type of conservative who once espoused the G.O.P. orthodoxy on foreign policy. At the Pentagon, he worked as a defense adviser to defense secretaries Donald H. Rumsfeld and Robert M. Gates. He advised then-Vice President Dick Cheney on counterterrorism.

But during his time in Congress, Mr. Waltz has espoused a national security doctrine that has increasingly jelled with Mr. Trump’s worldview. A member of the Armed Services, Intelligence and Foreign Affairs Committees, he has chastised NATO allies for not meeting their military spending commitments and taken a hard line on China and Iran.

Q&A: Behind the data on the Israel-Hezbollah war

Dr. Ameneh Mehvar

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What is the scale of Israel’s bombardment on Lebanon?

In the past few weeks, from 16 September to our last data cutoff on 25 October, we have recorded over 3,250 Israeli airstrike events in Lebanon. To put this in perspective, our data for the Middle East dating back to 2017 shows that the number of airstrike events in Lebanon during both September and October was higher than in any other month we’ve recorded in the region (see graph below).1 This includes the number of airstrike events in Syria in April 2017, which included US-led coalition forces’ air campaign against the Islamic State.

How do these airstrikes differ from those Israel has carried out in Gaza?

The number of Israel Defense Forces (IDF) airstrikes we recorded in Lebanon in September and October both far surpass the number recorded in Gaza for any single month over the past year. However, airstrikes in Gaza have been more lethal on a per-month basis, given its small size, high population density, and the challenges civilians have faced in evacuating combat zones. So far, despite the very intense airstrikes in some parts of Lebanon, Israel does not appear to have engaged in a carpet bombing of Lebanon similar to that in Gaza.

Train for digital transformation

Dustin Johnson

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After many digital transformation projects consisting of both successful adoptions and efforts stuck in pilot purgatory, manufacturers in many industries are recognizing that success requires more than adopting new technologies. It should be no surprise that the technical parts of digital transformation are far less important than its business and human aspects. In fact, the most important technological consideration is how well it supports people to adopt new practices and behaviors in pursuit of efficient workflows and increased business value.

Despite this understanding, many business leaders still initiate digital transformation programs without clearly outlining and communicating the rationale, business impacts or nature of changes and the steps for achieving them. They also commonly overlook the upskilling required to empower their workforce to use these new technologies, risking not only a subpar return on investment, but also contributing to today’s widening skills gaps.

The most forward-thinking organizations invest in innovative technologies, such as advanced analytics and generative artificial intelligence (genAI), which improve workflow efficiency, use of operations data and manufacturing insights, while also providing industry-relevant, just-in-time learning on demand. By pairing digital transformation with user empowerment, these companies create insights, and decrease the learning curve to understand them, yielding better business results, while easing the tasks of personnel who perform them.

The AI Safety Institute International Network: Next Steps and Recommendations

Gregory C. Allen and Georgia Adamson

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1. OVERVIEW

On November 21 and 22, 2024, technical artificial intelligence (AI) experts from nine countries and the European Union will meet for the first time in San Francisco. The agenda: starting the next phase of international cooperation on AI safety science through a network of AI safety institutes (AISIs). The United States, United Kingdom, European Union, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Canada, France, Kenya, and Australia make up the initial members of the network, which was first launched by U.S. secretary of commerce Gina Raimondo at the May 2024 AI Seoul Summit. At the time of the launch, Italy and Germany were also potential members of the network, as signatories to the Seoul Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science, or Seoul Statement, the network’s founding document. However, a September announcement by Raimondo and U.S. secretary of state Antony Blinken confirmed that Kenya would instead be the final member of the AISI International Network at this stage.

According to the Seoul Statement, the international network will serve to “accelerate the advancement of the science of AI safety” at a global level by promoting “complementarity and interoperability” between institutes and fostering a “common international understanding” of AI safety approaches. While the statement does not define specific goals or mechanisms for AISI collaboration, it suggests that they “may include” coordinating research, sharing resources and relevant information, developing best practices, and exchanging or codeveloping AI model evaluations. Now, in the months following the AI Seoul Summit, AISI network members must begin to articulate the objectives, deliverables, timelines, and avenues for cooperation that will put the promise of AISI cooperation into action.

Cybersecurity Risks of AI-Generated Code

Jessica Ji, Jenny Jun, Maggie Wu and Rebecca Gelles

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Introduction

Advancements in artificial intelligence have resulted in a leap in the ability of AI systems to generate functional computer code. While improvements in large language models have driven a great deal of recent interest and investment in AI, code generation has been a viable use case for AI systems for the last several years. Specialized AI coding models, such as code infilling models which function similarly to “autocomplete for code,” and “general-purpose” LLM-based foundation models are both being used to generate code today. An increasing number of applications and software development tools have incorporated these models to be offered as products easily accessible by a broad audience.

These models and associated tools are being adopted rapidly by the software developer community and individual users. According to GitHub’s June 2023 survey, 92% of surveyed U.S.-based developers report using AI coding tools in and out of work.1 Another industry survey from November 2023 similarly reported a high usage rate, with 96% of surveyed developers using AI coding tools and more than half of respondents using the tools most of the time.2 If this trend continues, LLM-generated code will become an integral part of the software supply chain.

Finding security in digital public infrastructure

Justin Sherman

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Digital public infrastructure (DPI) has evolved as a term used to describe everything from state-run digital payment systems to national cloud and data-exchange platforms to comprehensive backups of public documents and societal information. There is no single, cohesive, standard approach to digital public infrastructure—and examples range from Kenya to India to Ukraine—but DPI efforts share state involvement in the creation or operation of key digital platforms, are intended to be used country-wide, and have significant impacts on digital trust, privacy, and cybersecurity.

This issue brief examines the potential opportunities and risks of DPI across digital trust, data privacy, and cybersecurity and resilience. As part of an Atlantic Council working group, academic, civil society, and industry experts from the United States and South Asia explored these questions as they relate to DPI payment, public service delivery, data backup, cloud, and other projects and proposals—with an eye toward the biggest unresolved public policy, legal, and technological questions associated with state development and guidance of these systems. The working group’s virtual convenings were held under the Chatham House Rule.