Robert Farley
Since the emergence of the modern nation-state and the slow, steady disappearance of its competitors, questions of influence and primacy have preoccupied international politics. Much of modern international relations theory (mostly in the Realist school but also in its competitors) focuses on how great powers structure and manage the international political environment for their security, prosperity, and advantage.
This has naturally produced a great deal of discussion of what precisely constitutes “great power status.” Most agree that economic heft and dynamism should count, as should social and political influence, political stability, and, of course, raw military power.
Ranked: The Eight Great Powers of 2025
Here, I offer one account of the state of the world’s great powers at the close of 2024. Emphasis on different characteristics of power might result in a different list, although it would be hard to argue that most of these countries deserve some position near the top.
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