27 December 2024

Afghanistan’s Qoshtepa Canal and Water Security in Central Asia


Notwithstanding America’s disastrous withdrawal from Afghanistan following a long, costly, and largely unsuccessful intervention there, the United States continues to have national interests at stake in the country. Those interests require continued attention, argue Center for the National Interest Senior Fellow Andrew Kuchins and his coauthors, and possibly even limited forms of engagement with Afghanistan’s Taliban, who rule in Kabul following America’s abandonment of its two-decade effort to remake Afghan politics, economics, and society. Intense geopolitical competition across Central Asia raises the potential costs should the United States wholly turn from Afghanistan and its neighborhood.

In this context, Afghanistan’s massive Qoshtepa Canal project poses both challenges and opportunities.To stimulate agricultural production and economic development in northern Afghanistan—and to leave their literal mark on it, with an irrigation system visible from space—the Taliban authorities are pursuing a decades-dormant dream in excavating the extensive canal network. Yet they are doing so in a manner that might both fuel conflict with states downstream along the strained Amu Darya River and contribute to further environmental degradation across a region already scarred by the Soviet Union’s highly destructive irrigation mega-projects.

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