Amit Kapoor, Stephen Ezell, Meghan Ostertag and Sheen Zutshi
The United States claims the top 51 regions, with California, Massachusetts, and Washington ranking in the top three. The top three Indian states are Delhi, Chandigarh, and Tamil Nadu, although they rank below all U.S. states.
Indian regions excel in globalization indicators, taking top spots in inward FDI and high-tech exports. However, most of the FDI into India and most of the high-tech export activity are concentrated in five states.
Indian regions are behind U.S. regions in most indicators, most notably those related to R&D investment and R&D personnel. This represents a key challenge. Most R&D investment activity in India is performed by the government, not the private sector.
Regions with lower GDPs per capita consistently rank lower in indicator performance. The U.S. states with the lowest GDPs per capita (West Virginia, Arkansas, and Mississippi) rank in the bottom five states in the United States.
Policymakers must continue to strengthen U.S.-India relations, focusing on building and strengthening critical and emerging technology and R&D collaboration initiatives, which connect start-ups, universities, and venture capitalists in both countries.
Indian policymakers must utilize incentives to attract private R&D investment from venture capital funds and public-private partnerships to drive investment in innovation.
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