Joshua Levine
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has made clear its intention to become a world leader in developing and deploying artificial intelligence (AI) models. For now, the United States and American companies are still leaders in developing cutting-edge hardware and software to deliver ever-more-powerful AI models. Access to data, however, is an increasing concern for American AI developers, as lawsuits allege that analyzing copyrighted data as a part of model training infringes on copyright holder’s rights. In order to have competitive AI models and provide an alternative to China’s authoritarian vision, access to data and the freedom to train and further improve models within the United States will be paramount.
The Chinese government is taking a two-track approach to AI governance: aggressively regulate and control input data and outputs as it relates to public-facing generative models while imposing few, if any, restrictions on the development and deployment of models in enterprise, research, and military contexts.
The CCP’s approach to regulating AI training illustrates the dangers of letting China overtake the United States in AI development. In 2023, the Cybersecurity Administration of China (CAC) issued guidance outlining certain restrictions and rules for training generative AI models and providing them to the Chinese public, including guidance on the types of data that can be used to train a model, such as copyrighted information. The CCP’s National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (NISSTC) recently released new draft regulations governing the development and use of generative AI. The updated regulations impose additional requirements on data used by model providers, such as requiring express consent for using copyrighted information, ensuring model outputs do not undermine core socialist values, and removing any data that includes obscenities or violence.
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