Mitt Regan & Aurel Sari
The idea of great power competition is now a prominent lens through which to view international relations. Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine reminds us that such rivalry may take an intensely violent form. Large-scale conflict has not gone away. Most geopolitical competition today, however, takes the form of continuous contestation below the threshold of armed conflict, in which major States use various aggressive and sometimes coercive means to gain advantage and influence.
This post introduces a series based on our recent book, Hybrid Threats and Grey Zone Conflict: The Challenge to Liberal Democracies published with Oxford University Press.
Hybrid Threats and Grey Zone Conflict
The terms “hybrid threats” and “grey zone conflict” are the most common terms to describe this activity, but they focus on different dimensions of the phenomenon.
Hybrid threats refer to actions that involve combined efforts across multiple dimensions—political, cyber, disinformation, military, financial, and others—to harm a State by attacking its vulnerabilities through measures that are more hostile and aggressive than widely accepted forms of competition but are below the level of armed conflict.
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