By General Joseph L. Votel, Major General David J. Julazadeh, Major Weilun Lin
From Joint Publication (JP) 3-13, the Information Environment (IE) is defined as “an aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on information.” It is within this environment that our adversaries have engaged us persistently below a threshold that could trigger a kinetic response. Within the IE, the cyberspace domain provides our adversaries an asymmetric advantage where they can operate at the speed of war without bureaucratic obstacles or concern for collateral damage, and at relatively low cost. Rapid technological advancements and the lower barriers of entry open the cyber environment for both state and non-state actors to gain and exploit information.
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