By John Matsumura, John Gordon IV, Randall Steeb
Research Questions
What virtues does the A-10 possess that have made it so useful in recent conflicts?
How has CAS been used in recent conflicts? What are the concerns about the future?
What CAS alternatives are available to the Army, given the Air Force decision to replace the A-10?
Close air support (CAS) is about providing airborne firepower for troops on the ground who may be operating in close proximity to the enemy. This proximity increases the value of such characteristics as accuracy and responsiveness. Flying at lower altitudes not only increases accuracy and speed of weapon delivery, but its show of force also affects morale on both sides. And fixed-wing aircraft, such as the A-10, are more survivable than rotary-wing aircraft under certain conditions. For some time now, the Army has relied heavily on the Air Force to provide fixed-wing CAS. The A-10 has been a mainstay of these efforts, but the Air Force has become concerned both about the cost of maintaining the aircraft and about its survivability in environments increasingly more advanced than those it has encountered in recent years. The service is planning to retire the A-10 and replace it with other aircraft, such as the F-16, in CAS roles. These aircraft may not provide all the same benefits. The Army asked RAND to look at the consequences of this decision, examine alternatives, and offer recommendations. One recommendation the authors make is that, regardless of the outcome of assessments of alternatives' capabilities, a viable replacement should be fielded before the A-10 itself is retired.
Key Findings
Close Air Support (CAS) Backs up Troops on the Ground and Affects Morale
The A-10 operates at relatively low altitudes. It uses its 30mm cannons more frequently than any other weapon. These allow greater accuracy than bombs, which is of particular value when the troops being supported are in close proximity to the enemy.
Low-flying aircraft are also highly visible. This boosts friendly morale and intimidates enemies.
In recent conflicts, the air defenses have been unsophisticated, mostly consisting of small arms, rocket-propelled grenades, and some shoulder-fired missiles.
Other Assets that Perform the Mission, but There Are Drawbacks
The USAF has other options for performing the CAS mission, including F-15Es; F-16s; B-1s; and, soon, the F-35A.
Attack helicopters could provide CAS, but are, like all aircraft, also vulnerable at low altitudes.
Other alternatives include converting A-10s to remotely piloted aircraft or developing a specialized unmanned aerial vehicle for the purpose.
Costs Are an Additional Concern
The Air Force expects to save about $3.7 billion over the next five years.
But this does not account for the costs of conversions or alternative aircraft.
Recommendations
Given the importance of close air support (CAS) to joint operations, future CAS requirements should be carefully reexamined in much the same way they were before the A-10 was developed.
The current plan for CAS capabilities should be adopted if it can meet the CAS requirements that emerge from this process and if a cost-based analysis validates the cost reductions the Air Force envisions.
However, if the plan does not meet future CAS requirements or would cost more than alternatives that provide similar CAS capabilities, the current plan for providing CAS should be reconsidered.
Regardless of the outcome of the requirements reexamination process and the subsequent capabilities and cost-based analyses, we recommend fielding a viable replacement CAS capability before eliminating the capability the A-10 provides to minimize risk to ground forces.
Table of Contents
Chapter One
Introduction
Chapter Two
Past Requirements for Close Air Support
Chapter Three
Close Air Support in Recent Conflicts
Chapter Four
Alternatives for Future Close Air Support
Chapter Five
Conclusions: Implications for the Army of Decommissioning the A-10
No comments:
Post a Comment