By Debalina Chatterjee
20 Nov , 2016
In mid-November 2016, the much delayed M-777A2 Ultra-Light Howitzers (ULH) also known as the “Triple Seven” has been approved for purchase by the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC). India would now buy 145 of such 155mm 39calibre towed guns for its Mountain Strike Corps which was raised in 2013.
This gun would be acquired from the United States through the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) authorised by the Arms Control Export Act (AECA). However, the delay in decision by the Indian Government to acquire these guns has increased the cost of acquiring these guns from US$647million in 2010 to US$750million in 2016. Even in August 2016, there was a delay by the Indian Government to acquire the gun and India had requested the United States to freeze the deal for three months.
The M-777A2 is the upgraded version of the M-777A1 ULHs with software enhancements. These guns are reportedly replacement for the obsolete BAE Systems/ Bofors FH-77B/ 155mm/ 39 caliber which was a battle winning weapon for the Indian Army during the Kargil Conflict. India has already received the US Letter of Acceptance and before long the guns should be delivered to India.
Towed guns are best suited for mountain warfare and these guns also have an advantage that they could be airlifted and therefore, transported via helicopters. Therefore, the need to pull them through rough terrain is not required. However, their light weight helps the guns to be easily towed on road. The guns have higher survivability and greater mobility achieved by the use of titanium and aluminium alloys that make the guns lighter and easy to be airlifted and capable of ‘shoot and scoot’. Such weapons are therefore, ideally suited for mountain warfare. Even in extreme temperatures, the gun has proved its reliability, maintainability and safety. According to Keith Gooding, Programme Manager, Towed Artillery Systems, (PM TAS), the guns have already undergone several tests near the Western plains close to the Pakistan border as well been tested close to the Himalayan border.
The M-777A2 has digital fire control system (DFCS) from BAE systems that would allow the gun to programme and fire long range accurately. The gun can fire up to five rounds per minute. All these features are very crucial as artillery needs to be flexible, maneuverable, mobile and swift to support infantry and armoured divisions. The gun can be turned around in less than two minutes by the crew. This would enable the gun to react to sudden changes in target location. The gun will also possess Laser Inertial Artillery Pointing Systems (LINAPS). For direct and indirect firing, the low-rate initial production (LRIP) systems employ an optical sighting system. Full production systems will be fitted with the General Dynamics Armament Systems Towed Artillery Digitisation (TAD) system. LRIP systems will be retrofitted with TAD.
Today raw firepower is crucial to coercive diplomacy vis-à-vis enemy states. Coercive diplomacy can only be achieved when weapon systems are survivable and capable of inflicting catastrophic damage to enemy counter-force capabilities.
BAE Systems which produces these guns, in future will collaborate with Mahindra Defence Systems to co-produce these guns to strengthen India’s thrust on its ‘Make in India’ and ‘Make; and ‘Buy and Make in India’ policy. However, as reports suggest that there are several technological barriers to overcome for a joint production of this weapon system. For one that the use of titanium as mentioned above to make the guns lighter is not an easy technology while, secondly, the gun barrel cannot be made in India as this is prohibited under the Berry Amendment.
India’s artillery modernisation process has been stalled for a while with India not involved in procurement of any modern artillery weapon systems since the past two decades. But in recent times, India has given a green signal to not only the M-777A2 guns but also to India’s indigenously produced Dhanush guns. Post Bofors scandal, also known as the Bofors Syndrome, the Indian government has avoided taking any undue risks involved in acquiring of weapon system that has resulted in even backlisting of companies. Companies like Denel, Soltam and Rheinmetall Defence have not been able to strike a chord with the Indian Government yet on grounds of corruption.
As far as longer range weapons are concerned, the Indian Army’s artillery is well equipped with missiles like, Prahar missiles, BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles, Prithvi missiles and Agni missiles; at shorter ranges, there is a need for credible weapon systems to complement the long range weapon systems.
© Copyright 2016 Indian Defence Review
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