October 20, 2014
http://qz.com/282666/heres-who-should-be-happiest-about-falling-oil-prices/
WHEN DOWN IS UP
Russia, Iran and Venezuela have reason to be nervous about the abrupt 25% plunge in global oil prices. But what of those whose spirits should be up? We are hearing less from them.
To quantify all this silence, Quartz looked at the top 25 petroleum-importing countries and emerged with what we’re calling the “$80 Index.” The name references a reasonable average for Brent oil over the coming year or so, given the global petroleum glut, dearth of demand, and nonchalance toward geopolitical disruption. (Brent traded as low as $82.93 last week.) If the index is accurate, these are the countries with the most reason to breaking out the champagne as their economies get a jolt from a better trade balance—and as their drivers get more cash in their pockets.
The index mechanics are explained below. What they yield makes sense: Ukraine and Poland, for example, will be spending much less on imports and, given their entanglement with a resurgent Russia, will be much more at ease in an $80-a-barrel world than at $115, the price last June.
Even though its shale oil is a big reason for the price plunge, and that sector will be earning less at lower prices, the US makes the top 10 due to its trade deficit (about a third of which is comprised of oil imports) and the energy intensity of its economy. In addition, at lower prices, the US derives contentment from imagining Russian president Vladimir Putin’s discomfort with $80 oil and the prospect of squeezing Iran, with which the West is in tense nuclear negotiations.
Each country’s score is based on a weighted index that takes four factors into account:
Petroleum imports as a share of total oil consumption (35% of final score). This is fairly obvious—the more a country depends on buying foreign oil to power itself, the more it is subject to the whims of the market.
Current account deficit as a share of GDP (35%). The current account is the broadest measure of trade flows. A big deficit implies that a country relies heavily on borrowing and investment from abroad to finance consumption. A lower energy bill would reduce this reliance.
Energy intensity (20%). This is a gauge of an economy’s energy efficiency, as measured by how much energy it takes to produce $1 of output. The higher the number, the more sensitive a country is to the price of the fuel necessary to power its economy.
Geopolitics (10%). This is a bonus awarded to the five countries whose current foreign-policy goals are particularly served by falling oil prices. These are the US (explained above); Ukraine (Russia could be more conciliatory on the gas prices it charges Ukraine); Germany (Putin will be less defiant toward chancellor Angela Merkel); Poland (Russia will be less likely to throw its weight around in the region); and China (lower prices give it leverage in negotiations with resource-producing partners).
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